Corporate Finance-Mergers and acquisitions Essay

Corporate Finance-Mergers and acquisitions - Essay Example By and large, mergers are achieved in a consensual and genial condition where the objective organization helps the buyer in a 'due ingenuity' procedure to guarantee that the arrangement is gainful to the two gatherings. In any case, acquisitions are some of the time unfriendly, in that the procuring organization buys in the open market a dominant part of extraordinary portions of the objective organization against the desires of the objective organization's governing body. 'Mergers and acquisitions ought to be esteem making for the investors of both the 'offeror' and the 'offeree' organizations'. Worth creation is additionally vital for additional development. Making esteem infers procuring an arrival on put capital in abundance of the expense of capital after some time; or acquiring a carefully positive benefit, that is the place income short all costs is more noteworthy than zero. Worth makers don't need to stress over a capital lack. They are either flush with interior assets to meet their speculation needs, or can pull in the required capital from the business sectors, which are consistently looking for beneficial venture openings. What's more, such organizations will likewise make after some time a framework of supervisors who have better expectations and preferable capacities over the opposition. Numerous companiCurrent province of M&A Numerous organizations have had response to M&A as a definite way to quick development. Operational cooperative energy and economies of scale are the qualities of M&A impelling development. In any case, the disappointment of numerous M&A during the 1990s has really decreased investor esteem as opposed to expanding it and as a result, both administration and financial specialists are presently investigating what makes a merger or securing a triumph or a disappointment. (K@W, 2003). However, there have been a few special cases and one exemption has been the ongoing obtaining of Arcelor by Mittal. The Acquisition of Arcelor by Mittal The ascent of Mittal Steel has been an account of development and extension through acquisitions, starting with that of the Iron and Steel Company of Trinidad and Tobago in 1989 and finishing in 2006 in the securing of Arcelor, Europe's biggest steel maker. Mittal has developed by purchasing battling steel plants far and wide and sewing them into the world's greatest steel organization. It has a solid nearness in North America and Europe, yet in Asia its activity is limited to Kazakhstan. It is the world's biggest and most worldwide steel organization, with shipments of 49.2 million tons and incomes of over $28.1 billion out of 2005, claiming steel-production offices in 16 nations and utilizing more than 224,000 individuals. The portions of the organization are recorded on the New York and Amsterdam stock trades. The organization delivers an expansive scope of items for the level and long items advertises and has among its clients notable names in the car, designing and machine areas . (http://www.mittalsteel.com/organization/Profile.htm) Mittal Steel declared its goal to procure Arcelor on 27 January 2006, for an aggregate of 24 billion euros. Arcelor had been made in 2002 by the merger of Aceralia, Arbed and Usinor, with a goal of assembling their specialized, modern, and business cooperative energies in a joint

What account for the deplorable conditions on the continent of Africa Essay

What represent the woeful conditions on the landmass of Africa - Essay Example All through the landmass of Africa defilement is widespread. So as to get even the most essential administrations Africans must offer incentives. All together for organizations, for example, Shell to work together in Nigeria (positioned 121 on the planet by Transparency International1) a colossal measure of cash must be paid out to neighborhood authorities to â€Å"grease the wheels.† In clinics, patients may need to place cash in doctors’ counseling books so as to be dealt with. In schools, understudies may need to pay their educators for passing grades.2 All of these circumstances are typical. Studies have demonstrated that Africa loses $150 billion every year because of defilement and that items cost as much as 20 percent more.3 It is difficult to gauge the amount increasingly created Africa would be as of now had not a culture of debasement existed there for such a long time. In nations with inadequately developed, wasteful, and non self-implementing established guidelines, entrepreneurial conduct (counting rent chasing) are generally very unavoidable. In such nations, the guidelines that manage socio-political association, have neglected to enough compel the administration. Thus, state mediation in private trade is similarly unavoidable. Inordinate guideline of monetary exercises makes numerous open doors for lease chasing, including bureaucratic corruption.4 Numerous community workers in Africa may have capacity to apportion assets, however they make little pay rates. It is simple for them to rake in tons of cash as an afterthought by taking installments from uncommon premiums. Additionally, local officials may have poor family members what their identity is likewise supporting. They may not just remove pay-offs from childishness, yet conceivably to help feed their more distant families. By the by, unmistakably more standards and rules are required for local officials in their dealings with the private segment. Implementation of such standards is frantically required.5 John Githongo contends that debasement typically starts at the highest point of a country’s administration, and

What College Scholarship Essay Tips Work

What College Scholarship Essay Tips Work Tips on Writing a Scholarship Essay: It’s Time to Win The most difficult stage of your scholarship application is writing an essay. However, you have a real chance to show your talent and shine through. We will give you top 5 essential tips on writing scholarship essay. You should think, do research and never be in a hurry while completing this paper. Only after you brainstorm as many variants as you can, you can sit down and start writing. Make your story original. Judges see hundreds of essays each year. What do you think can win their attention? You have to make your essay stand out. Don’t make it vague. Use stories and examples from life to stress the main points. It shouldn’t look like the list of your achievements as you can add them to your CV. Find out any information about the judges. You can follow them on FB or Instagram to know what language and style they prefer. You should write as many essays as many applications you send. Your task is to prove you’re the best of the best students. Make your story look and sound perfect. Use proper margins and spaces between the lines. Read your story aloud. And ask someone to criticize you. Five scholarship application essay tips After you have spent no one-knows-how-many-hours thinking over the key points of the essay, it’s time to relax a bit and start writing the text. We give you the tips to write a scholarship essay and win. Use a strong introduction. Just take a look at the examples below. Which do you like best? That was the day when I lost everything I had. It is important for students to have leadership skills. If you were the judge, which one would you choose and why? We’ll prompt you a bit. The second example is too vague to win the readers attention. It’s boring. The first example has a little intrigue and makes a reader keep on reading. Tell about unexpected things or people If you’re writing down how your parents influence you and how much you appreciate that, you haven’t read any tips to writing a good essay for a scholarship. Otherwise, you wouldn’t have done this. You should break the logical chain in the minds of the readers. You can write about any person from your life who has somehow influenced you and your life path. Scroll down to see more tips for writing a study abroad scholarship essay. Stick to the essay rules Always read the recommendations of the judges about the theme, size and other things about the future essay. You can even find some tips for writing a scholarship essay from them, so use them as well. If you can’t find any rules or recommendations, we advise you to use 11-12 Arial font as it’s easy to read, standard margins on the left and on the right sides and spacing between the paragraphs. Find the stress point The biggest mistake you can ever make is writing about everything in the world on one piece of paper within 300-400 words. You should discover the unusual and surprising point that will be the basis for building up the whole story. It can be even your dog, but don’t make it sound too childish. Find and correct mistakes You should check the text for any kind of grammar, stylistic, spelling, format or other mistakes. It often happens that you cannot see any mistakes if you reread the text right after you have written it. If you have time, it’s better to proofread it in a few days. The perfect variant is to ask someone to do this for money. What if scholarship essay writing tips don’t help? Each person is good at something. You can be a brilliant doctor, but you cannot paint fantastic pictures. You can be an outstanding painter, but you cannot write a poem. And so on. It is not a good idea to judge other people because they cannot do something. We can help them, so you can do it too. You can help your college mate to write down a winning essay or give your friends the tips on writing an essay for scholarship. Of course, if you don’t dread to get it yourself. We don’t mean you’re bad at writing if you can’t brainstorm any interesting and capturing ideas for the essay. If no ideas come to your mind, it’s better to take a few days to sit back and relax a bit. If you still can’t see any ways out, we’ll give you a few tips what to do in this case. You can ask friends to help you if you trust them and you can share the scholarship with them. Or ask them to give you their own college scholarship essay tips. If you feel ashamed of this, or you just don’t want anyone to think that you can’t make up a simple story to get the scholarship, there’s another way out. What if you could ask someone to help you, but it didn’t influence your reputation? There’s such an opportunity to order a scholarship essay online, so you will need only a little money for this. The only thing here is to give as much information about you as you can and say a few words about the college you’re studying at. The minimum order can be a plan for you or you can ask our experts to proofread your complete story. The maximum order is writing the essay from scratch. You save your time and nerves and you get the guarantee of winning the scholarship.

Children’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment Essay

Children’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment Functional Health Pattern Assessment (FHP) Toddler Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Autonomy versus shame and doubt Preschool-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Initiative versus guilt School-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Industry Versus inferiority Pattern of Health Perception and Health Management: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. â€Å"Toddlers depend on their parents/caregivers for health management, overall health influenced by their parents† (Edelman Mandle, 2010).†¦show more content†¦Increasing too much milk intake Decreasing nutritional intake† (Edelman Mandle, 2010). â€Å"Increased consumption of fats and processed foods with decreased exercise/activity has contributed to obesity, type 2 diabetes in children† (Edelman Mandle, 2010). â€Å"Pain from dental caries, infection, poorly cared teeth affect appetite and chewing ability, impacts future nutritional status† (Edelman Mandle, 2010). â€Å"School age children with poor nutrition are at risk for: obesity, high blood pressure, sleep problems, diabetes, orthopedic problems, and heart disease† (Edelman Mandle, 2010). â€Å"Access to food, mass media, and contemporary busy lifestyles play role in poor food choices† (Edelman Mandle, 2010). Pattern of Elimination: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. â€Å"Parents waiting for their toddler is ready to be toilet trained truly will make the experience for everyone more pleasant. Toddlers empty bladder less frequent, begin to develop voluntary control or urination, full control comes later† (Edelman Mandle, 2010). â€Å"Parents praise child for desired behavior. Introduce underwear as badge of success. Anticipate toddler may touch his/her genitals†Show MoreRelatedChildrens Functional Health Pattern Assessment2087 Words   |  9 PagesChildren’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment Functional Health Pattern Assessment (FHP) | Toddler Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Toddlers acquire new abilities and a chance to shape self-confidence and independence. | Preschool-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Initiative vs. Guilt The longing to do what adults to creates awkward circumstances. | School-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Industry vs. Inferiority Cultivate fresh abilitiesRead MoreChildrens functional health pattern assessment5442 Words   |  22 Pagesï » ¿ Children’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment Functional Health Pattern Assessment (FHP) Toddler Erickson’s Developmental Stage: 1-3 Years old Autonomy vs shame Preschool-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: 3-6 years old Initiative vs guilt School-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: 6 years old-puberty Industry vs inferiority Pattern of Health Perception and Health Management: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problemsRead MoreChildren’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment Essay2881 Words   |  12 PagesChildren’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment |Functional Health Pattern |Toddler |Preschool-Aged |School-Aged | |Assessment (FHP) |Erickson’s Developmental Stage: |Erickson’s Developmental Stage: |Erickson’s Developmental Stage: | |Pattern of Health Perception and|Toddlers rely on their parents for|Preschoolers now have anRead MoreFamily Health Assessment1252 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Health Assessment A family health assessment is an important tool in formulating a health care plan for a family. This paper will discuss the nurse’s role in family assessment and how this task is performed. A nurse has an important role in health promotion. To perform these tasks the author has chosen a nuclear family. By the use of family focused open ended questions, 11 functional health patterns were covered. This principle is known as the Gordon’s functional health patterns. ThisRead MoreEssay on Family Health Assessment1257 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Health Assessment A family health assessment is an important tool in formulating a health care plan for a family. This paper will discuss the nurse’s role in family assessment and how this task is performed. A nurse has an important role in health promotion. To perform these tasks the author has chosen a nuclear family. By the use of family focused open ended questions, 11 functional health patterns were covered. This principle is known as the Gordon’s functional health patterns. ThisRead MoreEssay on Family Focused Health Assessment Questions - Lou Ann Lake1299 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Focused Health Assessment L. L. Grand Canyon University August 11, 2013 Family Focused Health Assessment As the society we live in continues to transform, nurses need a comprehensive tool to assess family’s health patterns. Family units are influenced by environment, biological, mental, social and spiritual factors. Assessing these areas for health promotion and disease prevention will take all of these influences into consideration (Edelman amp; Mandle, 2010). A priority toRead MoreGordons 11 Functional Health Patterns1649 Words   |  7 PagesGordons 11 Functional Health Patterns Family Health Assessment Introduction This assessment used Gordons functional health patterns to assess Mayards family. This method was developed by Marjorie Gordon back in 1987. It acts as a guide for establishing comprehensive nursing data ADDIN EN.CITE Andrews1993318(Andrews Andrews, 1993)31831817Andrews, M.A., Andrews, J.R. . Family-centered techniques: Integrating enablement into the IFSP process. JCCD,Journal of Childhood Communication DisordersRead MoreFamily Health Promotion1400 Words   |  6 Pagesbe successful in its role towards family health promotion, it is important to familiarize itself with the Gordon’s eleven functional health patterns. These patterns serve as basis for nursing diagnosis and health promotion. It focuses on how developmental tasks are completed by the family, it assist with learning about health perception and beliefs; it also assists the nurse to formulate health promotional goals and ways to improve family’s overall health practices (Edelman amp; Mandle, 2010). ThisRead MoreAn Overview of Childhood Leukemia704 Words   |  3 Pagesis being required to donate a kidney to her sister. Functional Assessments Health Perception/Health Management: Despite the fact that she needs a kidney transplant, Kate wishes to see herself as normal and develop as a normal adolescent. Nutrition/Metabolic: A healthy diet for someone with leukemia is similar to that of the everyday population (Suszynski 2011). Kate must modify her diet, however, given her failing kidney. Pattern of Elimination: Normal until recently, given that cancerRead MoreFamily Health Assessment : Family Assessment Essay1469 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Health Assessment Family is so important in the society and it is a blessing from God. Healthy behaviors learn from within the family and family member’s stimulus one to each other with health promotion practices. There fore, the health behaviors are very essential in the family assessment and which notifies health-promotion and disease-prevention. Within families, members will be the first one to learn about to promoting health. Families have impact on children’s lifestyle choices. The American

Technology And Society s Impact On Society - 1568 Words

Technology and Society Introduction There are those who would claim that technology has not adversely influenced society in any overt way, and in fact that â€Å"technology has made society more durable,† yet in spite of this claim, it becomes clear that the technology/society divide and its subsequent associations have caused a vast number of problems within society today, not the least of which is the blurring of the line between the use of technology and basic societal interactions, resulting in a disconnect in society, the likes of which have never before been seen (Latour, 1990, p. 103). It has even been purported that the inclusion of technology to the degree by which it is currently used, a degree which continues in an ever increasing pattern, serves to indicate that the continued use and continued inclusion of technology within society will only serve to make society as a whole worse for its use (Wu, 2014). Through a review of different ways in which technology has influenced changes within todayâ€⠄¢s society, it will be possible to show, if not where the balance shifted between the positivity of the inclusion of technology in society to a negative influence, then the manner in which the current usages of technology have served to directly impact the manner in which society currently functions. The Inclusion of Technology in Today’s Society In today’s day and age it seems as though no matter where a person goes, no matter their activity, there is always some form ofShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Technology On Society s Society1573 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact Of Technology On Society Technology has always played an important part of our history, whether it impacts the medical field, astrological instruments, microscopic technology, and these innovations have all played an important role in changing the scientific views of society. These inventions were very important in the direction society took as a whole and should be recognized as such. However there were inventions that had more of an impact on the general society as others, and changedRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Society s Society1572 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of Technology on Society It goes without saying that Thomas Edison has been among the most impactful human beings to have ever walked the earth. Thomas Edison is responsible for pushing society into a new technological era thanks to his numerous inventions. I will briefly explain the life of Thomas Edison, the use and how he came upon all of his inventions and finally how it lead to the technological advancements that we see to this very day. This will lead to a better understanding of whoRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Society s Society2131 Words   |  9 Pages The Impact of Technology on Society Close to ninety percent of Americans currently own a computerized gadget such as a computer, cell phone, Mp3 player, tablet computer, game console, e-book reader, etc. (Gahran). These are gadgets that some people use in their everyday lives whether they’re at home lounging around playing on their cell phone, watching television, at school, or at work having to use the computer to get their job done. Technology is everywhere, even when you don’t notice itRead MoreImpact Of Technology On Society s Society Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of Technology on Society Large sections of society have the ability to travel whenever and to wherever they please, whether be it for pleasure or work. Communication with friends and family across the globe happens instantaneously with a simple click of a button. The movement of resources and products occurs around the world daily and items that were at one time based in a location across the globe can be delivered and on hand the next day. Global transportation, communication and trade createRead MoreImpact Of Technology On Society s Society1457 Words   |  6 PagesLynna Hong Donna Middleton English 101 24 April 2017 Look Up Growing up in today’s society is much different than it was twenty years ago, because today our society revolves one thing--technology. Technology is advancing each and everyday that people are becoming so attached to their electronic devices to the point where many feel they cannot live without it. With the advancement of technology, it has led to various problems such as lower communication skills, social isolation, bad habits, andRead MoreImpact Of Technology On Society s Society2013 Words   |  9 PagesImpact of Technology in Today’s Society Have you ever wonder your life with the use of the technology which can restore entire world information? The Book Feed by M. T. Anderson take us to the world where people are mostly reliable on device which manipulate them with every single decision that want to make it. The Author Bring up point with question that in Society should we concern about used Technology or just take as much advantage we can and make ourselves Foolish? I agree with the AuthorRead MoreTechnology s Impact On Society957 Words   |  4 Pages Technology’s Impact on Society in the Banking World Technology s impact on society has changed in many areas of our lives. Technology has changed travel, you can now book your own plane ticket without going to a traveler’s agency, schooling you can take classes online, and have access to doctors and medicine without having to leave your home. I chose to write about the topic of banking. With the help of technology banks are able to reach out to more customers and provide better services toRead MoreTechnology s Impact On Society1507 Words   |  7 Pagesalia Monsanto ENC1101-Swirsky Argumentative/Persuasive Essay Technology’s Impact on Society 21ST century technology has indubitably made life more convenient for us. This can be looked at in a positive or in a negative way. Technology has essentially taken over the world. Replacing almost everything in our homes, schools and communities. Modern Technology has brought tons of negative effects on society including depression, lack of social skills, obesity, poor sleep habits, stress, constant distractionsRead MoreTechnology Impact Today s Society1099 Words   |  5 PagesTechnologies impact in today’s society is constantly changing, but not always for the better. â€Å"One of five children under the age of sixteen now own a smartphone. (â€Å"The Gadget Website†) The average age of a child that receives their first cell phone is eleven. I worry about a child’s well-being when I see them with these devices. On my tenth, birthday my father bought me a cell phone. I was unaware of the potential consequences I later faced when I misused it. Parents are givi ng children phones withoutRead MoreThe Developmental Impact Of Technology On Today s Society937 Words   |  4 PagesThe Developmental Impact of Technology on Today’s Society Society has become slaves to technology. Our society depends so greatly on technology that we have lost the ability of face to face communication. Nowadays all you see are people with their face stuck in their phones or latest gadgets and being oblivious to the world. The obsession and need to use technology affects every developmental stage. The affect starts at the young age of infancy and continues into childhood, adolescence, and adulthood

Guinness Corporate Strategy Free Essays

Income Segmentation although Guinness don’t directly segment its product into different segments, Guinness beers are more expensive to the consumer because they target customers may be willing to pay more for what some pensive to be a distinctive taste – a taste which is more expensive to produce. The Japanese distribution system Distribution channels in Japan are very different from other countries; they are as inefficient as they are complex. The system is characterized by multiple layers of wholesalers who have developed close, personal relationships with other wholesalers, manufacturers, importers, and retailers. We will write a custom essay sample on Guinness Corporate Strategy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Moreover, these intimate relationships often serve as an informal barrier to foreign companies wishing to sell directly to end-users or retailers. Many exporters find retailers/end-users unwilling to disrupt their longstanding, personal relationships with Japanese suppliers even when the foreign company can offer a product of superior or equal quality at a cheaper price. Many Japanese retailers/ end-users are unwilling to make the switch to an â€Å"unreliable† foreign supplier. They fear a lack of commitment on the part of the foreign supplier will lead to problems. They also fear breakdowns in communication. This state of affairs has led many companies’ new-to-market exporters to complain of the complexity and lack of transparency of the Japanese system. An encouraging sign is the recent trend towards greater efficiency within the Japanese distribution system, resulting in fewer smaller retailers and wholesalers. Faced with deregulation and changing patterns of consumption, many Japanese companies are modifying marketing and sales strategies to take advantage of these developments. Imports are already benefiting from these trends, as seen in increased sales by Japanese department stores and other mass merchandisers and by a variety of new retailing ventures that match changing Japanese lifestyles. There are also indications that some wholesalers are modernizing and consolidating operations, thus reducing more inefficient elements in the system. However, the process is slow. The characteristics of the distribution system are deeply rooted in the cultural history of Japan. How to Set Up Business in Japan/ Laws Regulations on Setting Up Business in Japan Section 1. Incorporating Your Business . 1 Types of operation in Japan Foreign companies generally establish a business presence in Japan in one of four modes. 1. 1. 1 Representative office Representative offices are established as locations for carrying out preparatory and supplemental tasks aimed at enabling foreign companies to engage in full-scale business operations in Japan. These offices may conduct market surveys, collect information, purchase goods and implement publicity/advertising efforts, but they are not permitted to engage in sales activities. The establishment of representative offices does not require registration. A representative office cannot ordinarily open bank accounts or lease real estate in its own name, so agreements for such purposes must Instead De Selenga Day ten nana Outlet AT ten Torrent company or representative at the representative office in an individual capacity. 1. 1. 2 Branch office Foreign companies wishing to engage in business operations in Japan must establish a branch office or a subsidiary company. The simplest means for a foreign company to establish a base for business operations in Japan is to set up a branch office. The branch office can begin business operations as soon as an office location is secured, he branch office representative determined, and the necessary information registered. A Japanese branch office is a business location that provides services in Japan decided upon by an organization authorized by the foreign company, and ordinarily is not expected to engage in independent decision making. A branch office does not have its own legal corporate status, but instead is deemed to be encompassed within the corporate status of the foreign company. In general, therefore, the foreign company is ultimately responsible for all debts and credits generated by the activities of its Japanese branch office. A Japanese branch office, however, may open bank accounts and lease real estate in its own name. 1. 1. 3 Subsidiary company A foreign company establishing a subsidiary company in Japan must choose to establish the subsidiary company as a Joint-stock corporation (Kabuki’s-Aisha (K. K. )), limited liability company (Good-Aisha (LLC)), or similar entity stipulated by Japan’s Corporate Law. Both unlimited partnerships (Gomes-Aisha) and limited partnerships (Gosh-Aisha) are granted corporate status under the Corporate Law, but they are rarely chosen in practice because equity participants bear unlimited ether than limited liability. All types of subsidiary companies can be established by completing the required procedures stipulated by law and then registering the corporation. A subsidiary is a separate corporation from the foreign company, so the foreign company will bear the liability of an equity participant stipulated by law for all debts and credits generated by the activities of the subsidiary. Other methods by which a foreign company may invest in Japan using a Japanese corporation but without establishing a subsidiary are by establishing a Joint venture with a Japanese enterprise or investment company, and by equity participation in a Japanese enterprise. 1. 1. 4 Limited liability partnership (ALP) It is also possible to do business by using a Huge Seeking Jaggy Kumara. This type of entity, considered the Japanese version of a limited liability partnership (ALP), is not a corporation, but a partnership formed only by the equity participants, who have limited liability. How to cite Guinness Corporate Strategy, Papers

Guinness Corporate Strategy Free Essays

Income Segmentation although Guinness don’t directly segment its product into different segments, Guinness beers are more expensive to the consumer because they target customers may be willing to pay more for what some pensive to be a distinctive taste – a taste which is more expensive to produce. The Japanese distribution system Distribution channels in Japan are very different from other countries; they are as inefficient as they are complex. The system is characterized by multiple layers of wholesalers who have developed close, personal relationships with other wholesalers, manufacturers, importers, and retailers. We will write a custom essay sample on Guinness Corporate Strategy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Moreover, these intimate relationships often serve as an informal barrier to foreign companies wishing to sell directly to end-users or retailers. Many exporters find retailers/end-users unwilling to disrupt their longstanding, personal relationships with Japanese suppliers even when the foreign company can offer a product of superior or equal quality at a cheaper price. Many Japanese retailers/ end-users are unwilling to make the switch to an â€Å"unreliable† foreign supplier. They fear a lack of commitment on the part of the foreign supplier will lead to problems. They also fear breakdowns in communication. This state of affairs has led many companies’ new-to-market exporters to complain of the complexity and lack of transparency of the Japanese system. An encouraging sign is the recent trend towards greater efficiency within the Japanese distribution system, resulting in fewer smaller retailers and wholesalers. Faced with deregulation and changing patterns of consumption, many Japanese companies are modifying marketing and sales strategies to take advantage of these developments. Imports are already benefiting from these trends, as seen in increased sales by Japanese department stores and other mass merchandisers and by a variety of new retailing ventures that match changing Japanese lifestyles. There are also indications that some wholesalers are modernizing and consolidating operations, thus reducing more inefficient elements in the system. However, the process is slow. The characteristics of the distribution system are deeply rooted in the cultural history of Japan. How to Set Up Business in Japan/ Laws Regulations on Setting Up Business in Japan Section 1. Incorporating Your Business . 1 Types of operation in Japan Foreign companies generally establish a business presence in Japan in one of four modes. 1. 1. 1 Representative office Representative offices are established as locations for carrying out preparatory and supplemental tasks aimed at enabling foreign companies to engage in full-scale business operations in Japan. These offices may conduct market surveys, collect information, purchase goods and implement publicity/advertising efforts, but they are not permitted to engage in sales activities. The establishment of representative offices does not require registration. A representative office cannot ordinarily open bank accounts or lease real estate in its own name, so agreements for such purposes must Instead De Selenga Day ten nana Outlet AT ten Torrent company or representative at the representative office in an individual capacity. 1. 1. 2 Branch office Foreign companies wishing to engage in business operations in Japan must establish a branch office or a subsidiary company. The simplest means for a foreign company to establish a base for business operations in Japan is to set up a branch office. The branch office can begin business operations as soon as an office location is secured, he branch office representative determined, and the necessary information registered. A Japanese branch office is a business location that provides services in Japan decided upon by an organization authorized by the foreign company, and ordinarily is not expected to engage in independent decision making. A branch office does not have its own legal corporate status, but instead is deemed to be encompassed within the corporate status of the foreign company. In general, therefore, the foreign company is ultimately responsible for all debts and credits generated by the activities of its Japanese branch office. A Japanese branch office, however, may open bank accounts and lease real estate in its own name. 1. 1. 3 Subsidiary company A foreign company establishing a subsidiary company in Japan must choose to establish the subsidiary company as a Joint-stock corporation (Kabuki’s-Aisha (K. K. )), limited liability company (Good-Aisha (LLC)), or similar entity stipulated by Japan’s Corporate Law. Both unlimited partnerships (Gomes-Aisha) and limited partnerships (Gosh-Aisha) are granted corporate status under the Corporate Law, but they are rarely chosen in practice because equity participants bear unlimited ether than limited liability. All types of subsidiary companies can be established by completing the required procedures stipulated by law and then registering the corporation. A subsidiary is a separate corporation from the foreign company, so the foreign company will bear the liability of an equity participant stipulated by law for all debts and credits generated by the activities of the subsidiary. Other methods by which a foreign company may invest in Japan using a Japanese corporation but without establishing a subsidiary are by establishing a Joint venture with a Japanese enterprise or investment company, and by equity participation in a Japanese enterprise. 1. 1. 4 Limited liability partnership (ALP) It is also possible to do business by using a Huge Seeking Jaggy Kumara. This type of entity, considered the Japanese version of a limited liability partnership (ALP), is not a corporation, but a partnership formed only by the equity participants, who have limited liability. How to cite Guinness Corporate Strategy, Papers

The aim of this investigation is to find out how different lengths of a 1m long nichrome wire affect its resistance Essay Example

The aim of this investigation is to find out how different lengths of a 1m long nichrome wire affect its resistance Essay I predict that if I double the length of the nichrome wire, its resistance will also double. I predict that if I half the length of the nichrome wire, the resistance will also half. Therefore I predict that resistance will increase in proportion to the increase in the length of the wire.HYPOTHESISWhy does a metal conduct?A metal is made up of positive ions surrounded by a sea of free electrons. The ions in a metal are positive because it is easy for a metal to lose one or two electrons, from its outer shell, than to gain six or seven electrons to complete the outer shell. The electrons are lost and are free to move around and the ions become positive as the number of protons increase, compared to the number of electrons. The metal can now conduct electricity, as it is positive.Here is a diagram to show the structure of a metal:What is resistance?Resistance is the measure of how difficult it is for the current to get through a wire. We measure the resistance in Ohms, with the symbolRe sistance, R = p.d. across the wire (V)___Current through the wire (I)R = VIWhat causes the resistance in a wire?The electrons in a wire are free to move through it, but it is not perfectly easy. The ions of the wire get in the way. The electrons collide with the ions and get slowed down. So a single electron will make a stop/start journey along the wire as it bumps into ions. The piece of wire has resistance because the ions restrict or resist the flow of electrons.Ohms Law states that, The current flowing through a metal wire is proportional to the potential difference across it. (Providing the temperature remains constant.) Proportional means that if you double the p.d. the current is doubled. Therefore the current is inversely proportional to the resistance. Whatever we do to the resistance, it changes the current by one over the number.Voltage =Current*Resistance I.RResistance =Voltage R = VCurrent ICurrent =___1____ I 1Resistance RThis supports my prediction that if I double t he length of the wire, the resistance will also double and if I half the length of the wire, the resistance will also half as I am going to change the length of a wire while carrying out this investigation.Resistance restricts the amount of current flowing through a wire and therefore slows down any reaction, which it supports. Resistance also plays a good part as it stops things from blowing. It stops too much current from getting through, which can blow or damage an appliance.Four factors affecting resistance are:1. As the length increases, the resistance increases. This happens because if the length of a wire is increased the electrons will have to pass through more ions without colliding. That rarely occurs and resistance increases as they collide. This can affect the results of my experiment as I have to decrease the length of wire in my experiment and if I make an error in decreasing the length, it can change the results of the whole investigation.2. As cross-sectional area in creases, the resistance decreases. This is true because, if there is more cross-sectional area for the electrons to flow in, there is a better chance that they will get through without colliding. As a result resistance will decrease. This will not affect my investigation, as I will be using the same cross-sectional area of wire throughout the investigation.3. Only good conductors are used for connecting wires. Good conductors such as copper are used to connect wires as they have got a low resistance and will allow more current to flow through them. Very good conductors such as gold improve the quality of output of an electric appliance. The wire, which I am using in the experiment, is nichrome, which is a good conductor.4. As temperature increases, the resistance of a wire increases. As the temperature is increased the ions vibrate more vigorously, colliding with electrons, which are moving through the wire, producing heat energy. The increasing temperature favours more collisions, and the collisions restrict the amount of current flowing through. Therefore resistance increases. This factor will not affect the investigation, as I will be doing the investigation at room temperature.The length of a wire affects resistance because:In theory I conclude that the smaller the wire, the less resistant it is. The bigger the wire the more resistant it is. This also supports my prediction that if I double the length of a wire the resistance will also double.Apparatus required:; Power supply 0-12V (dc); 1 m nichrome wire; Ammeter; Voltmeter; Connection wire; Metre rule; Crocodile clipsHere is a circuit diagram for the experiment I am going to carry out:VariablesIndependent variables are the factors that I will change during the experiment. In my Investigation the independent variables are:; Length of wire in cm; VoltageDependant variables are the factors that depend on the independent variables. In the investigation the dependant variables are:; Resistance; Current; TimeC ontrol variables are the factors that must stay the same to make it a fair test. The control variables are:; Temperature; Type of material (wire); Thickness or cross-sectional area of wire.I must keep all the control variables the same throughout, as they will all restrict the amount of current flowing through, if changed during the experiment. Therefore they will all increase the amount of resistance and I wont be able to obtain accurate results.Method; I will set up the apparatus as shown in my circuit diagram above on page 3.; I will decrease the length and increase the voltage as I carry out my experiment. The range of measurements in my investigation are as follows:100cm-20cm this measurements are reduced in 10cm intervals and I will take 9 readings. I am only bringing down the length of the wire to 20cm so as to avoid over heating of the short wire in a high voltage.The voltage is increased from 2volts to 8volts in 2-volt intervals. Therefore I will take 4 readings for each me asurement. The limit in the investigation is 8 volts so as to avoid over heating and burning the wire. If the voltage were higher than 8 volts for this type of wire, then it would burn the wire and ruin the whole investigation.; I will then record the current readings obtained and find the Resistance using the formula: R=VI; I will then find the average resistance by dividing the total resistance of all 4 different volts by 4.In my investigation I will have to cool the wire after increasing the voltage each tine so as to obtain accurate results. High voltage can also burn the wire so I will have to cool the wire for safety reasons.High voltage increases the temperature in a wire and therefore also causes more resistance because the ions and electrons gain more energy and vibrate more vigorously causing collisions, hence more resistance as the electrons are blocked from reaching their destination.I will repeat the whole experiment once again to make my results as accurate as possible .SafetyWhile doing the investigation, it is important to keep safety into consideration. The scissors should only be used for cutting the wire to the appropriate length and for no other reason. Before using the power pack, the pointer should point at 0 volts. It is important to be careful while using the power supply. While handling live wires, it is essential to be careful. The voltage should be kept low because of the safety factor and the wires heating up.OBTAININGResults table 1 showing the readings obtained after carrying out the experiment.Length (cm)Voltage (V)Current (A)Resistance ( )Average Resistance ( )10020.623.2341.253.173.1861.93.1682.543.159020.692.941.382.92.8962.092.8782.82.868020.772.641.552.582.5762.352.5583.142.557020.872.341.762.272.2762.662.2683.582.236021.011.9842.051.951.9563.11.9484.151.935021.211.6542.451.631.6463.681.6384.91.634021.471.36431.331.3464.521.3385.991.343021.841.0943.831.041.0665.731.0587.611.052022.740.7445.520.750.74680.72810.750.74I used the formula R=V to calculate the resistance.ITo calculate the average resistance I added up the resistance for each measurement and divided the total by 4.Results table 2 showing the readings obtained after carrying out the experiment.Length (cm)Voltage (V)Current (A)Resistance ( )Average Resistance ( )10020.693.393.3941.183.3961.753.4382.583.369020.663.033.0341.823.0361.993.0282.643.038020.712.822.7641.462.7462.182.7582.932.737020.842.382.4141.662.4162.482.4283.322.416020.922.172.1141.912.0962.872.0983.832.095021.161.721.7442.291.7563.441.7484.551.764021.291.551.542.661.564.061.1885.511.453021.691.181.1743.431.1765.141.1786.891.162022.280.880.8644.720.8567.10.8589.20.87AnalysingHere are the graphs showing the results from the result tables.Overall the investigation, I carried out went quite well and my results are also fairly accurate.For example in my first result table, when the length of the wire was 50cm the average resistance was 1.64 . When I doubled the length to 100cm the aver age resistance also almost doubled to 3.18In the second table, when the length of the wire was 20cm the average resistance was 0.86 . When I doubled the length to 40cm the average resistance also almost doubled to 1.50. My graph of average results also shows that all the points are almost in the line of best fit. This also proves that if I double the length of a wire the resistance will also double.This shows the evidence that the resistance is directly proportional to the length of a wire. Directly proportional means when a substance doubles the other substance also doubles. The evidence I found also backs my prediction that if I double the length of a nichrome wire, its resistance will also double. The resistance will double because the ions will restrict or resist the flow of electrons and therefore creating resistance as a result of collisions between the ions and the electrons.EvaluationAfter carrying out the full investigation I can say that my results are quite reliable and a gree with my prediction that I made.Overall there were no anomalous results in my investigation as you can see from my graphs, but my results are not also perfect as in my theoretical prediction. Errors may have occurred while I was doing the experiment.Here are the errors, which may have occurred while I was doing the experiment. There are two types of errors namely:; Systematic error-this is the type of error due to the fault in a measuring device.; Random error-this is the type of error due to human mistakes.Systematic errors in my investigation are:; The ammeters and the voltmeters were probably faulty and I could not get the accurate results.; The power pack might have malfunctioned and might have ruined whole of the voltage supply.; The scale of the metre rule I used was not marked according to scale and that affected in the accuracy of my results.The random errors:; I might have made a mistake while recording the results. E.g. instead of recording 3.06 I might have recorded 3 .66; I might have cut the wire a little longer or a little shorter while cutting it.Due to all these errors the accuracy of my results might have been brought down while doing the investigation.The ways that I could improve this method to get more reliable data are:; Using computer controlled ammeters and voltmeters to detect any faults n them.; Use a more reliable power pack then the one I used in the investigation.; Use a different piece of wire for each length so as to prevent over heating of the wire.; Use a digital ruler to measure the different lengths of wire to prevent the measuring error.These are the ways, which I came across in order to get more reliable and precise results.Further experiments that I can do to investigate this topic are:; Measuring the resistance in a bulb using different volts; Measuring the amount of resistance in metals such as copper, with different masses.Doing these experiments will further prove my results more reliable and back the theory of resis tance.

What Just Happened 4 Strange Job Interviews Explained

What Just Happened 4 Strange Job Interviews Explained Just had an interview that didn’t feel how you thought an interview should feel? Are you left feeling like you’re trying to decode mixed messages? Or just so weirded out you’re not even sure what transpired? Sometimes the interview process isn’t as structured as common sense or past experience might lead us to believe. Some companies, quite frankly, don’t have their act together. Or are just looking for something a little less traditional. Here are four strange  job interviews and their scenarios that may help unravel your confusion.The Fire AlarmWhoever heard of an interview as a call for help? But sometimes companies are in such trouble, or such a state of flux, that they’re not even sure exactly what they need the most, or how best to organize their priorities. If you find yourself in an interview like this and notice that you’re getting less clear on the responsibilities of the role you’re applying for, rather than more cl ear, you might be in this disaster territory.Try and figure out exactly what they seem to need, then whether or not you fill that need, then whether or not this situation is a good fit for you. If you feel up for intervening and saving the day, go forward! If not, politely bow out of the process if it stops feeling workable to you. Particularly if this isn’t your only nibble.The AutomatonYour interviewer is so professional and so clinical, that you’re not entirely sure they’re not a robot. You start to wonder whether you have a chance. Relax. You do. They wouldn’t have called you in unless you were qualified for the position. Realize that you’ll probably not have a buddy-buddy relationship with this particular supervisor. Are you a good self-starter? Comfortable not receiving a lot of encouragement? Then proceed without concern.The SaboteurYour interviewer seems to be trying to throw everything they can at you to get you to see all the negatives of the organization. Is this some sort of test? Are they trying to get you to rise to the occasion and criticize the company? Or are they trying to make sure you’re not faint of heart and can take the impending heat? If you sense the interviewer is trying to see if you can weather what they’ve obviously had to weather, then keep that smile on your face and go for it.The â€Å"Not-Erview†You’ve been called in to interview, but it’s becoming clear this is not a full-time position. Before your heart sinks, consider whether taking on a project-based or short-term position would make sense for you in this stage of your career. Maybe it wouldn’t, but maybe that’s just the right balance for where you are right now. Either way, an interview situation is an interview situation. And great practice for the next time around!

The Battle of Tannenberg in World War I

The Battle of Tannenberg in World War I The Battle of Tannenberg was fought August 23-31, 1914, during World War I (1914-1918). One of the few battles of maneuver from a conflict best known for static trench warfare, Tannenberg saw German forces in the east effectively destroy General Alexander Samsonovs Russian Second Army. Employing a mix of signals intelligence, knowledge of the enemy commanders personalities, and effective rail transportation, the Germans were able to concentrate their forces before overwhelming and surrounding Samsonovs men. The battle also marked the debut of General Paul von Hindenburg and his chief of staff, General Erich Ludendorff, as a highly effective duo on the battlefield. Background With the outbreak of World War I, Germany began implementation of the Schlieffen Plan. This called for the bulk of their forces to assemble in the west while only a small holding force remained in the east. The goal of the plan was to quickly defeat France before the Russians could fully mobilize their forces. With France defeated, Germany would be free to focus their attention to the east. As dictated by the plan, only General Maximilian von Prittwitzs Eighth Army was allocated for the defense of East Prussia as it was expected that it would take the Russians several weeks to transport their men to the front (Map). Russian Movements While this was largely true, two-fifths of Russias peacetime army was located around Warsaw in Russian Poland, making it immediately available for action. While the bulk of this strength was to be directed south against Austria-Hungary, who were fighting a largely one-front war, the First and Second Armies were deployed north to invade East Prussia. Crossing the frontier on August 15, General Paul von Rennenkampfs First Army moved west with the goal of taking Konigsberg and driving into Germany. To the south, General Alexander Samsonovs Second Army trailed behind, not reaching the border until August 20. This separation was enhanced by a personal dislike between the two commanders as well as a geographic barrier consisting of a chain of lakes which forced the armies to operate independently. After Russian victories at Stallupà ¶nen and Gumbinnen, a panicked Prittwitz ordered the abandonment of East Prussia and a retreat to the Vistula River (Map). Stunned by this, the Chief of the German General Staff Helmuth von Moltke sacked the Eighth Army commander and dispatched General Paul von Hindenburg to take command. To aid Hindenburg, the gifted General Erich Ludendorff was assigned as chief of staff. Shifting South Just prior to the change in command, Prittwitzs deputy chief of operations, Colonel Max Hoffmann, proposed a bold plan to crush Samsonovs Second Army. Already aware that the deep animosity between the two Russian commanders would preclude any cooperation, his planning was further aided by the fact that the Russians were transmitting their marching orders in the clear. With this information in hand, he proposed shifting the German I Corps south by train to the far left of Samsonovs line, while the XVII Corps and I Reserve Corps were moved to oppose the Russian right. This plan was risky as any turn south by Rennenkampfs First Army would endanger the German left. In addition, it required the southern portion of the Kà ¶nigsberg defenses to be left unmanned. The 1st Cavalry Division was deployed to screen to the east and south of Kà ¶nigsberg. Arriving on August 23, Hindenburg and Ludendorff reviewed and immediately implemented Hoffmanns plan. As movements began, the German XX Corps continued to oppose Second Army. Pushing forward on August 24, Samsonov believed his flanks to be unopposed and ordered a drive northwest towards the Vistula while VI Corps moved north to Seeburg. Germans General Paul von HindenburgGeneral Erich Ludendorff166,000 men Russians General Alexander SamsonovGeneral Paul von Rennenkampf416,000 men Casualties Germany - 13,873 (1,726 killed, 7,461 wounded, 4,686 missing)Russia - 170,000 (78,000 killed/wounded/missing, 92,000 captured) Hindenburg Attacks Concerned that the Russian VI Corps was making a flanking march, Hindenburg ordered General Hermann von Franà §ois I Corps to begin their attack on August 25. This was resisted by Franà §ois as his artillery had not arrived. Eager to begin, Ludendorff and Hoffmann visited him to press the order. Returning from the meeting, they learned through radio intercepts that Rennenkampf planned to continue moving due west while Samsonov pressed XX Corps near Tannenberg. In the wake of this information, Franà §ois was able to delay until the 27th, while XVII Corps was ordered to attack the Russian right as soon as possible (Map). Due to I Corps delays, it was XVII Corps which opened the main battle on August 26. Attacking the Russian right, they drove back elements of the VI Corps near Seeburg and Bischofstein. To the south, the German XX Corps was able to hold around Tannenberg, while the Russian XIII Corps drove unopposed on Allenstein. Despite this success, by the end of the day, the Russians were in jeopardy as XVII Corps had begun to turn their right flank. The next day, the German I Corps began their assault around Usdau. Using his artillery to advantage, Franà §ois broke through the Russian I Corps and began advancing. The Trap Closed In an effort to save his offensive, Samsonov withdrew XIII Corps from Allenstein and re-directed them against the German line at Tannenberg. This led to the majority of his army being concentrated east of Tannenberg. Through the day on the 28th, German forces continued to drive back the Russian flanks and the true danger of the situation began to dawn on Samsonov. Requesting Rennenkampf to divert to the southwest to provide aid, he ordered Second Army to begin falling back to the southwest to regroup (Map). By the time these orders were issued, it was too late as Franà §ois I Corps had advanced past the remnants of the Russian left flank and assumed a blocking position to the southwest between Niedenburg and Willenburg. He was soon joined by XVII Corps which, having defeated the Russian right, advanced southwest. Retreating southeast on August 29th, the Russians encountered these German forces and realized they were surrounded. The Second Army soon formed a pocket around Frogenau and was subjected to relentless artillery bombardment by the Germans. Though Rennenkampf made attempts to reach the beleaguered Second Army, his advance was badly delayed by the German cavalry operating on his front. The Second Army continued to fight for another two days until the bulk of its forces surrendered. Aftermath The defeat at Tannenberg cost the Russians 92,000 captured, as well as another 30,000-50,000 killed and wounded. German casualties totaled around 12,000-20,000. Dubbing the engagement the Battle of Tannenberg, in vindication of the Teutonic Knights 1410 defeat on the same ground by a Polish and Lithuanian army, Hindenburg succeeded in ending the Russian threat to East Prussia and Silesia. Following Tannenberg, Rennenkampf began a fighting retreat which culminated in a German victory at the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes in mid-September. Having escaped the encirclement, but unable to face Tsar Nicholas II after the defeat, Samsonov committed suicide. In a conflict best remembered for trench warfare, Tannenberg was one of the few great battles of maneuver.

Entrepreneurship & Innovation Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Entrepreneurship & Innovation - Dissertation Example As of 2010, more than half a billion people have embarked on new entrepreneurial ventures. One of these extraordinary entrepreneurs is Arthur Lok Jack. Arthur Lok Jack is an entrepreneur who possesses the following characteristics: risk-taker; innovative; has foresight and vision; resourceful; persistent; ambitious, intelligent and knowledgeable; hard-working; realistic; adaptable; business savvy; and practices networking. Risk-taking Risk-taking among entrepreneurs involves taking calculated actions designed to control and minimize the risks involved, at the same time ensuring that goals are achieved. This behaviour sets entrepreneurs apart from gamblers who depend on chance and from individuals who prefer to â€Å"play it safe† (Joseph 2003). Risk-taking behaviour is viewed as beneficial, as revealed in the positive association between risk and output wherein a higher level of risk increases the likelihood of getting impressive results (Analoui & Karami 2003). Penrose (1959) asserted that entrepreneurship involves determining opportunities within the economic system, including those which entail a high amount of risk. Rauch and Frese (2007) attributed risk-taking behaviour on the entrepreneur’s propensity to make decisions on situations which show low likelihood of success. This behaviour makes entrepreneurs stand out compared to risk-averse individuals. However, risk-taking may have different interpretations. For example, ordinary consumers might view such behaviour as reckless. On the other hand, business owners consider risk-taking as a move to minimize risk when making business decisions. Innovativeness Entrepreneurs constantly strive to find ways to develop and introduce new and unique products and services. Innovation may come in five forms: (1) introduction of a new product or improvement in the quality of existing ones; (2) new methods of production; (3) opening of new market; (4) new source of supply or raw materials or half-manufacture d goods; and (5) new industrial organization (Joseph 2003). Schumpeter (1935) envisioned an entrepreneur as an economic agent capable of creating novel combinations of production factors in response to investment opportunities. An entrepreneur is viewed as an indispensable element of the capitalist economy who embodies the principles of capitalist change, as well as industrial and technological change. There is mounting evidence that entrepreneurial innovativeness is significantly correlated to success. This applies to innovation on a personal and organizational level. Organizational level of innovation reflects how innovative an entrepreneur is. The relationship between innovation and success can be predominantly observed on new technology organizations compared to traditional industries (Rauch & Frese 2007). Rutherford and Holt’s (2007) investigation on the link between individual and corporate-level innovativeness pointed out two important facts. First, innovativeness is b ased on a personal willingness to develop and introduce improvements and innovations in work process. Second, individual focus on innovativeness is suggested since entrepreneurial activities are created and implemented by individuals. Foresight and vision Entrepreneurs are visionaries, able to foresee where the company should be in the future. Gillespie-Brown (2008) describes how an entrepreneur envisions the: (1) future of existing products and services; (2) reinvention of the business; and (3) generation of opportunities in present markets. Bellini (2005) defined foresight

The use of HR Service Centers Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The use of HR Service Centers - Term Paper Example Frederick Taylor and his followers introduced the first formal monitoring system prior to World War I. In the year 1950, it was recognized that appraisal is a useful tool for motivation as well as development of the employees. In the year 1970, the term performance management was introduced by Beer and Ruh. The later section of the project deals with the literature review of performance appraisal where previously conducted research has been taken into consideration in order generate to ideas and to make the base stronger. The last two section deals with the problems as well as recommendations for performance appraisal. Human resource management is one of the most important functions for any organization. It deals with matters relating to staffing, skill management, performance management, payroll, training and development, recruitment and selection among others. HRM is a management driven activity, focused on the values of the business, commitment oriented, with diverse strategic scope which gives strong stress on incorporation. This paper deals with the discipline of performance management which is one of the most important aspects of HRM (Armstrong, 2006). Performance management is one of the most important developments in the areas of human resource management. It is a tool which helps to measure the performance of the employees as well as improve their way of working so that the goals of the organization are achieved in an effective and efficient manner. It is very often found that whenever one thinks of performance in an organization, the first thing that comes to our mind is performance of the employees. Infact the performance management must deal with the products or services, programs, processes, departments, organization, teams and groups, etc. 360 degree feedback method is the modern appraisal method which includes feedback from everyone including self ratings, peer review and upward assessment. It helps in

William Shakespeares Othello as a Classic Tragic Hero Essay -- GCSE C

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Simply defined, a tragedy always entails the downfall of the protagonist. As a common standard in tragedy, the protagonist, or "tragic hero" is of high standing who is faced with some opposing force whether internal or external. "Tragedy is the imitation of an action; and an action implies personal agents, who necessarily possess certain distinctive qualities both of character and thought; for it is by these that we qualify actions themselves, and these- thought and character- are the two natural causes from which actions spring, and on actions, again all success or failure depends...." This excerpt from Aristotle's Poetics illustrates an aspect of tragedy upon which many works, including Shakespeare's Othello, are based. In Poetics, Aristotle expresses the writer's obligation to create what is known as a "tragic hero" in all forms of tragedy. He further explains that this persona must be dominated by a "hamartia" or tragic flaw which leads to his downfall. Prevalently in Othello, the protagonist, Othello, can be seen as a classic tragic hero who is opposed by the strong force of his innate naivetà © and over-trust as flaws in his otherwise virtuous character. Through the rapid development of the play, we see Othello's character disintegrate as a result of his growing jealousy and are finally stricken by a powerful catharsis where despite his wrongdoing, the reader feels pity for Othello and his mis... ...ty of Nebraska Press, 1993.    Muir, Kenneth. Introduction. William Shakespeare: Othello. New York: Penguin Books, 1968.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.    Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1957.    Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. ?The Engaging Qualities of Othello.? Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Introduction to The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare. N. p.: Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1957

Apple Globalization Essay

Apple distributes its products in over 80 countries through its direct channels, its cellular network carriers distribution channels and third party resellers. Apple success is due mainly to the collaboration of the iphone with its updateable applications. In markets such as the United States and Japan. Apple business strategy focuses on bringing the best personal computing and music experience to students, educators, creative professionals, businesses, government agencies and consumers through its innovative hardware, software, peripherals, services and Internet offering (Apple Computer, 2005). According to a report in Electronista, market data from Gfk Japan shows the 32 GB iPhone is in the No. 1 spot for July, ahead of Japanese-made phones from Sharp, Panasonic (PC), NEC, Casio and Sony Ericsson (a Japanese/Swedish joint venture). ( Dewiit, Philip Elmer cnn money article) In one of the most technologically advanced countries such as Japan it is no wonder why apple seems to be gaining so much success in a foreign market. The Japanese market is in awe of the simplicity and performance that apple product provide. In doing a PEST analysis I have come to a realization that the Japanese market wants high performance low cost technically superior and social acceptable products at an affordable price. Rendering apple a perfect company to satisfy these wants. Apple distributes its products in Japan through its own retail stores and companies such as Wal-Mart and other retail giants. Accoding to the Apple annual report Japan’s net sales increased $551 million or 32% in 2009 compared to 2008. The key contributors to this growth were increased iPhone revenue, stronger demand for certain Mac portable systems and iPods, and strength in the Japanese Yen (Apple annual report 2009 pg. 13). Similarly Apple’s target market in the United States wants the same kind of high performance low cost gadgets. Apple manufactures most of its products in China and has them shipped to the United States to be sold at their apple stores as well as retail stores such as Wal-Mart. Apple is a huge success in America and word is getting around. The world is taking notice to the technical giant and surely buying into the apple revolution. Apples success in the united states contributes to its success around the world. With itsiphone exclusive to AT&T even such a 3rd rate company was able to make a comeback and to lead the cellular market when it bought exclusive rite to the iphone. This just shows you the kind of power Apple holds. According to the Apple annual report â€Å"During 2009, net sales in the Americas segment increased $2.4 billion or 15% compared to 2008. The increase in net sales during 2009 was attributable to the significant year-over-year increase in iPhone revenue, higher sales of third-party digital content and applications from the iTunes Store, and increased sales of Mac portable systems. (Apple annual report 2009 pg.13) Apple has over 240 stores located around the globe. America dominates the list with its 218 stores while France is set to start opening stores at a rate that is second only to the US. Apple is a juggernaut in the computer industry with a presence that keeps on growing within every country. Everyone in the world has heard of or knows someone that either owns or associates with Apple Inc. Thus making it into a giant that only few can contend with. The continued success of Apple Inc makes for a global leader in the innovation of tomorrow. References- Apple annual report 2009 http://library.corporate-ir.net/library/10/107/107357/items/315133/AAPL_10K_FY08.pdf Dewitt, Philip Elmer. â€Å"Apple iphone No. 1 in Japan†. CNN MONEY. august 17 2009 . JOBS, STEVE. â€Å"APPLE DEVLOPMENT CENTER†. APPLE. MAY 9 2010 . SKIPWORTH, HUNTER. â€Å"IPHONE IN JAPAN†. TELOGRAPH.CO.UK. DEC 1 2009

Gambling the Problems and History of Addiction,...

Recently there have been a lot of studies on the subject of gambling and games play. The average uninformed individual might wonder Why, it really is not that big of a deal? and think that it is just a small poker game or a little bet over a sporting event. There are so many more aspects to gambling than just the little games and bets. That is just a fraction of all of the problems and crime it can be connected to. Now there are also great perks to having some forms of gambling, such as lotteries. The lotteries help out by contributing to government programs such as education, military, etc. To help people understand gambling and games play it is necessary that they learn about the history, the viewpoints, and the cold hard facts.†¦show more content†¦He sued the Washington D. C. government, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the plaintiff and they were forced to pay the one-hundred thousand dollars. This scared many states from getting directly involved with lotteri es and thus led to the banning of lotteries in most states. Only Pennsylvania and Massachusetts had not prohibited gambling and game playing from 1840 to 1860. Gambling would return, however, in a bigger way than before. Gambling exploded back onto the scene around the late 1880s near the end of the Civil War. This was known as the second wave called National Lotteries. The south needed a way to pay for all of the reconstructing it would need, after the damages suffered during the war. There were a variety of things that needed to be fixed such as; roads, bridges, school buildings, and all of the other buildings and institutions that had suffered damage during the war. Desperate for a way to raise money, southern legislatures let private operators conduct lotteries to raise these greatly needed funds. Lotteries were different this time as they were held on a national level instead of a local level. The southern lotteries sold out tickets to people all over the nation. A ver y popular lottery was held in Louisiana and was called The Serpent. The reason this lottery was so popular was because it was held on the national level. Everyone from anywhere in theShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages978-0-13-612100-8 1. Management—-Study and teaching. 2. Management—Problems, exercises, etc. Kim S. II. Title. HD30.4.W46 2011 658.40071 173—dc22 I. Cameron, 2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4 5 6 7 INTERPERSONAL